Grade 9 - Earth Systems: Home

Earth’s spheres

Earth can be divided into several large systems called spheres. The solid Earth consists of a thin outer layer called the crust. A thick rocky layer called the mantle lies beneath the crust. The crust and the upper portion of the mantle make up a layer of rock called the lithosphere. Much of Earth is covered by a layer of water or ice, called the hydrosphere. Earth is surrounded by a thin layer of air, the atmosphere. The portion of the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere that serves as home to life is called the biosphere.

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Article Source: Bierman, Paul R. "Earth." World Book Student, World Book, 2017, www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar171540.

Image Source: IPCC,. "Schematic View Of The Components Of The Climate System, Their Processes And Interactions." http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-1-2.html.